Iipakethi zebhetri zeLithuum ziguqukele kwindlela esilawula ngayo izixhobo zethu ze-elektroniki. Ukusuka kwii-smartphones kwizithuthi zombane, ezi zinto zilula kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuculwa kweIqela lebhetri yeLithiumkhange ihambe ngesikhephe. Igqibile utshintsho olukhulu kunye nenkqubela phambili kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Kweli nqaku, siza kuhlola imbali yeepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium kwaye indlela abaye bavela ngayo ukuze bafezekise iimfuno zethu zamandla akhulayo.
Ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion yaphuhliswa nguStanley Whittetingham ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970s, iphawula ukuqala kohlaziyo lwebhetri yeLithium. Ibhetri ka-Whittitetingham isebenzisa i-Titanium dispidef njenge-Cathode kunye ne-Lithium yentsimbi njenge-anode. Nangona olu hlobo lwebhetri lunoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ayisebenzi kwezorhwebo ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko. I-Lithium yentsimbi isebenza kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ukubaleka kwe-thermal, kubangela imililo yebhetri okanye ukuqhuma.
Kwiinzame zokuzonwabisa imicimbi yokhuseleko enxulunyaniswa neebhetri ze-lithium ze-lithium, uYohane B. Goodenough kunye neqela lakhe kwiDyunivesithi yase-Oxford yenze i-Oxford yafumana i-1980s. Bafumanisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa i-cathothome yentsimbi yentsimbi endaweni ye-lithium yesinyithi, umngcipheko wokubaleka kwe-thermal unokupheliswa. I-Gooeenoule's Lithium ye-Lithium ye-One-Coubalth oxide i-Otide iguqukele ishishini kwaye ihambise indlela yeebhetri eziphezulu zeLithium-ion esiyisebenzisayo namhlanje.
Inkqubela phambili enkulu kwiipasile zebhetri ze-Lithium ye-LILIM yeza ngo-1990 xa uYoshio nishi kunye neqela lakhe eSony laqulunqa ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium. Bathathe indawo ye-Lithium ye-Lithium esebenzayo ye-Lithium ene-anode enesitayile esizinzileyo, ephucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri. Ngenxa yobunzima babo obuninzi kunye nobomi obude bobomi, ezi bhelikhawuleza zaba ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki eziphathwayo ezinjengeekokstops kunye neefowuni eziphathwayo.
Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2000s, iipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium zifumene izicelo ezitsha kwishishini le-Automotive. UTssa, osekwe nguMartin Eberhard noMark Tearpenning, wasungula inqwelo moya yokuqala yemoto ye-lithium-ion. Oku kuphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwabo akusekho ukulinganiselwa kwe-elektroniki. Izithuthi zombane zixhotyiswe ziipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium zibonelela ngenye indlela ezicocekileyo, ezizinzileyo ezizinzileyo kwizithuthi ezenziwe ngemveli.
Njengoko imfuno yeepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium ikhula, iinzame zophando zigxile ekwenzeni ukungcungcutheka kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwabo ngokubanzi. Enye inkqubela phambili enjalo yayikukwazisa kwe-ANADS. I-Silicon inomkhono ophezulu wokugcina i-lithium ze-lithium, enokwandisa ukuxinana kwamandla kwiibhetri. Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon Anodes bajonga imingeni efana notshintsho lwevolumu yevoti ngexesha lokuhlawula imijikelezo, kukhokelela kubomi omfutshane. Abaphandi basebenza ngenkuthalo ukoyisa le miceli mngeni ukuvula amandla apheleleyo e-silicon esekwe kwi-silicon.
Enye indawo yophando ngamaqela aqinileyo-rhulumente we-lithium. Ezi bheli zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni ye-elektrolytes ezifumaneka kwiibhetri zemveli zemveli. Iibhetri eziqinileyo zikarhulumente zinika izibonelelo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukhuseleko olukhulu, ukuxinana kwamandla okuphezulu, kunye nokuhlala ixesha elide ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthengisa kwabo kuse-nqanaba lokuqala kwaye kufuna olunye uphando kunye nophuhliso kuyafuneka ukoyisa imiceli mngeni yezobugcisa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenza izinto.
Ukujonga phambili, ikamva lebhetri ye-lithium libonakala lithembisa. Ibango lokugcina amandla liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, liqhutywa yimakethi yemoto ekhulayo yombane kunye nemfuno yokudityaniswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Iinzame zophando zigxile ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ngoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kwezakhono, kunye nobude obude. Iqela lebhetri yeLithium liza kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu ukuya kwikamva elicocayo, elizinzileyo lamandla.
Ukuphelisa, imbali yophuhliso yeepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium ibone ubuchule bomntu kunye nokufuna izinto ezikhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo. Ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zeebhetri ze-lithium ze-lithium kwiibhetri ze-lithium-i-ion esiyisebenzisayo namhlanje, sibone inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji yokugcina amandla. Njengoko siqhubeka nokutyhala imida yento enokwenzeka, iipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium ziya kuqhubeka zivela kwaye zibumbe ikamva lesitoji samandla.
Ukuba unomdla kwizifundo zebhetri ze-lithium, wamkelekile ukunxibelelana ne-radiance ukuyaFumana isicatshulwa.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-24-2023