Iipakethi zebhetri yeLithium zitshintshe indlela esisebenza ngayo izixhobo zethu zombane.Ukusuka kwii-smartphones ukuya kwizithuthi zombane, ezi zinto zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zombane ziye zaba yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweamaqoqo ebhetri ye-lithiumkhange ihambe kakuhle.Idlule kutshintsho olukhulu kunye nenkqubela phambili kule minyaka.Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga imbali yeepakethi zebhetri ye-lithium kunye nendlela eziye zavela ngayo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zethu ezikhulayo zamandla.
Ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion yaphuhliswa nguStanley Whittingham ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, ephawula ukuqala kokuguqulwa kwebhetri ye-lithium.Ibhetri kaWhittingham isebenzisa i-titanium disulfide njengecathode kunye nesinyithi se-lithium njenge-anode.Nangona olu hlobo lwebhetri lunoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu, alukwazi urhwebo ngenxa yeenkxalabo zokhuseleko.Isinyithi seLithium sisebenza kakhulu kwaye sinokubangela ukubaleka kobushushu, kubangele imililo yebhetri okanye ukudubula.
Ngomzamo wokoyisa imiba yokhuseleko ehambelana neebhetri zetsimbi ye-lithium, uJohn B. Goodenough kunye neqela lakhe kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford bafumanisa izinto ezisisiseko kwi-1980s.Bafumanisa ukuba ngokusebenzisa i-metal oxide cathode endaweni ye-lithium metal, umngcipheko wokubaleka kwe-thermal unokupheliswa.Iicathodes ze-lithium cobalt oxide zikaGoodenough ziguqule ishishini kwaye zavula indlela yeebhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphambili esizisebenzisayo namhlanje.
Inkqubela phambili enkulu elandelayo kwiipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium yafika ngo-1990 xa u-Yoshio Nishi kunye neqela lakhe e-Sony baphuhlisa ibhetri yokuqala ye-lithium-ion yorhwebo.Bathathe indawo ye-lithium metal anode esebenzayo kunye ne-graphite anode ezinzile, ngakumbi ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwebhetri.Ngenxa yoxinano lwamandla aphezulu kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde, ezi bhetri zakhawuleza zaba ngumthombo wamandla oqhelekileyo wezixhobo zombane eziphathwayo ezifana neelaptop kunye neeselfowuni.
Ekuqaleni kwe-2000s, iipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium zifumene izicelo ezintsha kwishishini leemoto.I-Tesla, eyasungulwa nguMartin Eberhard kunye noMark Tarpenning, yasungula imoto yokuqala yombane ephumelelayo yorhwebo eqhutywa yibhetri ye-lithium-ion.Oku kuphawula isiganeko esibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwazo akusekho kuphela kwi-elektroniki ephathekayo.Izithuthi zombane ezixhaswe ngeepakethi zebhetri ze-lithium zibonelela ngokucoca, enye indlela ezinzileyo kwiimoto zemveli ezinepetroli.
Njengoko imfuno yeebhetri ze-lithium ikhula, iinzame zophando zigxile ekwandiseni amandla abo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwazo zonke.Olunye uphuculo olunjalo yayikukungeniswa kwee-anode ezise-silicon.I-Silicon inomthamo ophezulu wethiyori wokugcina i-lithium ion, enokunyusa kakhulu ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri.Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon anode ijongana nemiceli mngeni efana nokutshintsha umthamo omkhulu ngexesha lemijikelo yokukhupha intlawulo, okukhokelela kubomi obufutshane bomjikelo.Abaphandi basebenza ngenkuthalo ukoyisa le mingeni ukuze bavule amandla apheleleyo e-silicon-based anode.
Enye indawo yophando ngamaqoqo ebhetri ye-lithium eqinile.Ezi bhetri zisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinileyo endaweni ye-electrolyte engamanzi efumaneka kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion zemveli.Iibhetri ezikwimeko eqinileyo zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukhuseleko olukhulu, ukuxinana kwamandla aphezulu, kunye nobomi bomjikelo omde.Nangona kunjalo, urhwebo lwabo lusekwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye uphando olongezelelekileyo kunye nophuhliso luyafuneka ukoyisa imingeni yobugcisa kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokwenziwa.
Ukujonga phambili, ikamva leebhetri ze-lithium libonakala lithembisa.Imfuno yokugcina amandla iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, iqhutywa yimarike yemoto yombane ekhulayo kunye nemfuno yokuhlanganiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo.Iinzame zophando zijolise ekuphuhliseni iibhetri ezinoxinano lwamandla aphezulu, amandla okutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kunye nobomi bomjikelezo omde.Amaqela ebhetri yeLithium aya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqulelo ukuya kucoceko, nozinzo lwamandla kwixesha elizayo.
Ukushwankathela, imbali yophuhliso yeepakethi zebhetri ye-lithium ibone ukusungulwa komntu kunye nokusukela ukhuseleko kunye nokubonelela ngombane okusebenzayo.Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zeebhetri zentsimbi ye-lithium ukuya kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion eziphambili esizisebenzisayo namhlanje, sibone inkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla.Njengoko siqhubeka nokutyhala imida yento enokwenzeka, iipakethe zebhetri ze-lithium ziya kuqhubeka nokuvela kunye nokubumba ikamva lokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukuba unomdla kumaqela ebhetri lithium, wamkelekile ukuba uqhagamshelane Radiance kufumana isicatshulwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-24-2023